Lab+6+Forensic+DNA

**Exercise 1 Scientific Notation**
What are the following in scientific notation?  6,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000= 6x10^24  34,599,800,000=3.4599800000x10^10  12.56=125.6x10^1  0.3456789=3.456789x10^6  0.0000000332=3.3f2x10^-8  0.000000000000000000000000000000123456789=1.23456789x10^-31  6 trillion=6,000,000,000,000=6x10^12

What are the following in standard notation?  3 x 10^5=30,000  2.44 x 10^-7=.000000244  6.02 x 10^23=6,020,000,000,000,000,000,000,000  6.62 x 10^-34=.000000000000000000000000000000000662  1.5 x 10^11=150,000,000,000  1.44 x 10^-1=.144

**EXERCISE 2: DNA PROBABILITY vs FREQUENCY **
**<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica; font-weight: normal;">Start by calculating what the **theoretical probability **for the** <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;"> **<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;">3 different alleles (ABO blood group). **

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica; line-height: normal;"> genotype probability AA = AB = Ai = BB = Bi = ii = <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica; line-height: normal;">AA=1/9 11% <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica; line-height: normal;">AB=2/9 22% <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica; line-height: normal;">Ai=2/9 22% <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica; line-height: normal;">BB=1/9 11% <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica; line-height: normal;">Bi=2/9 22% <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica; line-height: normal;">ii=1/9 11%
 * ABO**
 * || A || B || i ||
 * A || AA || AB || Ai ||
 * B || AB || BB || Bi ||
 * i || Ai || Bi || ii ||

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica; line-height: normal;">phenotype probability <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica; line-height: normal;"> A = AB = B = O =

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica; line-height: normal;">A=3/9 33% <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica; line-height: normal;">AB=2/9 22% <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica; line-height: normal;">B=3/9 33% <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica; line-height: normal;">O=1/9 11%

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica; line-height: normal;">ACTUAL PHENOTYPE FREQUENCY (from website) <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica; line-height: normal;"> A = AB = B = O =

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica; line-height: normal;">A=32% <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica; line-height: normal;">AB=4% <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica; line-height: normal;">B=14% <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica; line-height: normal;">O=50%

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica; line-height: normal;">

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica; line-height: normal;">Summarize the distribution of ABO around the world. Discuss what may be the reason for this distribution. If you do a general search online for why some alleles are more common than others this might help.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica; line-height: normal;">B blood type is least common in North/Central, South American and Australia. B blood type is very popular in Africa and Europe and Asia.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica; line-height: normal;">A blood type is most common in the upper/middle regions of Canada and Scandanavia as well as in Australia. A is not very common in South America and middle to lower North America as well as Northern Asia.

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica;"> O blood type is very common in South America and Western North America and Central America but is very popular in most of the Northern And Southern Americas. O blood type is not very common in Europe and Asia and not too predominant in Africa.

Paternity Tests
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">Calculate the probability of only those where the father CANNOT be excluded

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">Case 1 Pop 1 cannot be excluded= .43^2x2(.55x.46)x 2(.48x.52)x2(.40)x2(.56)=.0418475478

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">Case 2= Pop 2 cannot be excluded <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">.43^2x2(.46)x2(.48x.52)x2(.40)x2(.29x.56)=.0220650707

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">Case 3= Both pops can be excluded

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">Case 4=Both pops can be excluded

Criminal DNA Tests
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> Calculate the probability of only those that CANNOT be excluded

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica; line-height: normal;">Case 3= inconclusive.
====<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica; line-height: normal;">This case is inconclusive because the blood found at the crime scene which matches the victims blood, was not the same blood found on the suspect's clothes and was not the suspects blood either. ====